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Instruments > Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Active Remote Sensing > Scatterometers > SEAWINDS

Preferred term

SEAWINDS  

Definition

  • The SeaWinds scatterometer is a specialized microwave radar that measures near-surface wind velocity (both speed and direction) under all weather and cloud conditions over Earth's oceans. The experiment is a follow-on mission and continues the data series initiated in 1996 by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT). The SeaWinds instrument was launched on the NASA QuikScat "quick recovery" satellite on June 19, 1999. SeaWinds was also launched on the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II (ADEOS-II) on December 14, 2002. ADEOS-II failed on October 24, 2003. SeaWinds uses a rotating dish antenna with two spot beams that sweep in a circular pattern. The antenna radiates microwave pulses at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across broad regions on Earth's surface. The instrument will collect data over ocean, land, and ice in a continuous, 1,800-kilometer-wide band, making approximately 400,000 measurements and covering 90% of Earth's surface in one day. Scatterometers use a highly indirect technique to measure wind velocity over the ocean. Changes in the wind velocity cause changes in ocean surface roughness, modifying the radar cross section of the ocean and the magnitude of the backscattered power. Multiple collocated measurements acquired from several viewing geometries (incidence angles, polarizations, and directions) are used to determine wind speed and direction simultaneously. The directly measured backscatter cross-sections over land and ice-covered regions yield information on vegetation type and ice type and extent. Key SeaWinds Facts Heritage: SeaSat, NSCAT Dimensions: CDS: 32 cm ? 46 cm ? 34 cm; SES: 81 cm ? 91 cm ? 43 cm; SAS: ~150 cm; 100-cm diameter antenna dish on 60-cm diameter ? 60-cm pedestal Mass: 220 kg Power: 220 W Duty Cycle: 100% Thermal Control: Radiators Thermal Operating Range: 5\–40Ú C Field of View (FOV): Rotating (at 18 rpm) pencil-beam antenna with dual feeds pointing 40Ú and 46Ú from nadir IFOV: ? 51Ú from nadir Swath: 1800 km (? 51Ú look angles) from 803-km altitude Pointing Requirements (3Ã): Control: <0.3Ú (~1000 arcsec); Knowledge: <0.05Ú (~167 arcsec); Stability: <0.008Ú/s (30 arcsec/s) Group: Instrument_Details Entry_ID: SEAWINDS Group: Instrument_Identification Instrument_Category: Earth Remote Sensing Instruments Instrument_Class: Active Remote Sensing Instrument_Type: Scatterometers Short_Name: SEAWINDS Long_Name: SeaWinds End_Group Group: Associated_Platforms Short_Name: QUIKSCAT Short_Name: ADEOS-II End_Group Group: Spectral_Frequency_Information Wavelength_Keyword: Microwave Spectral_Frequency_Coverage_Range: 13.4 gigahertz; 110-watt pulse at 189-hertz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) End_Group Online_Resource: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/seawinds/ Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/quikscat/index.cfm Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/seawinds/index.cfm Creation_Date: 2007-04-16 Group: Instrument_Logistics Data_Rate: 40 kbps Instrument_Start_Date: 1999-07-19 Instrument_Owner: USA/NASA End_Group Group: Instrument_Logistics Data_Rate: 40 kbps Instrument_Start_Date: 2003-04-10 Instrument_Stop_Date: 2003-10-24 Instrument_Owner: USA/NASA End_Group End_Group (en)

Broader concept

Entry terms

  • SeaWinds (en)

Change note

  • 2019-02-22 12:28:05.0 [mmorahan] insert AltLabel (id: null category: null text: SeaWinds language code: en); update Resource (image);
  • 2020-01-31 17:35:04.0 [sritz] update Definition (The SeaWinds scatterometer is a specialized microwave radar that measures near-surface wind velocity (both speed and direction) under all weather and cloud conditions over Earth's oceans. The experiment is a follow-on mission and continues the data series initiated in 1996 by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT). The SeaWinds instrument was launched on the NASA QuikScat "quick recovery" satellite on June 19, 1999. SeaWinds was also launched on the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II (ADEOS-II) on December 14, 2002. ADEOS-II failed on October 24, 2003. SeaWinds uses a rotating dish antenna with two spot beams that sweep in a circular pattern. The antenna radiates microwave pulses at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across broad regions on Earth's surface. The instrument will collect data over ocean, land, and ice in a continuous, 1,800-kilometer-wide band, making approximately 400,000 measurements and covering 90% of Earth's surface in one day. Scatterometers use a highly indirect technique to measure wind velocity over the ocean. Changes in the wind velocity cause changes in ocean surface roughness, modifying the radar cross section of the ocean and the magnitude of the backscattered power. Multiple collocated measurements acquired from several viewing geometries (incidence angles, polarizations, and directions) are used to determine wind speed and direction simultaneously. The directly measured backscatter cross-sections over land and ice-covered regions yield information on vegetation type and ice type and extent. Key SeaWinds Facts Heritage: SeaSat, NSCAT Dimensions: CDS: 32 cm ? 46 cm ? 34 cm; SES: 81 cm ? 91 cm ? 43 cm; SAS: ~150 cm; 100-cm diameter antenna dish on 60-cm diameter ? 60-cm pedestal Mass: 220 kg Power: 220 W Duty Cycle: 100% Thermal Control: Radiators Thermal Operating Range: 5\–40Ú C Field of View (FOV): Rotating (at 18 rpm) pencil-beam antenna with dual feeds pointing 40Ú and 46Ú from nadir IFOV: ? 51Ú from nadir Swath: 1800 km (? 51Ú look angles) from 803-km altitude Pointing Requirements (3Ã): Control: <0.3Ú (~1000 arcsec); Knowledge: <0.05Ú (~167 arcsec); Stability: <0.008Ú/s (30 arcsec/s) Group: Instrument_Details Entry_ID: SEAWINDS Group: Instrument_Identification Instrument_Category: Earth Remote Sensing Instruments Instrument_Class: Active Remote Sensing Instrument_Type: Scatterometers Short_Name: SEAWINDS Long_Name: SeaWinds End_Group Group: Associated_Platforms Short_Name: QUIKSCAT Short_Name: ADEOS-II End_Group Group: Spectral_Frequency_Information Wavelength_Keyword: Microwave Spectral_Frequency_Coverage_Range: 13.4 gigahertz; 110-watt pulse at 189-hertz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) End_Group Online_Resource: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/seawinds/ Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/quikscat/index.cfm Online_Resource: https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/seawinds/index.cfm Creation_Date: 2007-04-16 Group: Instrument_Logistics Data_Rate: 40 kbps Instrument_Start_Date: 1999-07-19 Instrument_Owner: USA/NASA End_Group Group: Instrument_Logistics Data_Rate: 40 kbps Instrument_Start_Date: 2003-04-10 Instrument_Stop_Date: 2003-10-24 Instrument_Owner: USA/NASA End_Group End_Group); update Definition (https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/); delete Resource (null);

URI

https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ba611e74-27eb-4e97-a132-79d63f5e892b

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