LANDER
VENERA-13
VENERA Mission Description: Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity and launched 5 days apart. The Venera 13 mission consisted of a bus (81-106A) and an attached descent craft (81-106D). The Venera 13 descent craft/lander was a hermetically sealed pressure vessel, which contained most of the instrumentation and electronics, mounted on a ring-shaped landing platform and topped by an antenna. The design was similar to the earlier Venera 9-12 landers. It carried instruments to take chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor the spectrum of scattered sunlight, and record electric discharges during its descent phase through the Venusian atmosphere. The spacecraft utilized a camera system, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a screw drill and surface sampler, a dynamic penetrometer, and a seismometer to conduct investigations on the surface. After launch and a four month cruise to Venus, the descent vehicle separated from the bus and plunged into the Venus atmosphere on 1 March 1982. After entering the atmosphere a parachute was deployed. At an altitude of 47 km the parachute was released and simple airbraking was used the rest of the way to the surface. Venera 13 landed about 950 km northeast of Venera 14 at 7 deg 30 min S, 303 E, just east of the eastern extension of an elevated region known as Phoebe Regio. The area was composed of bedrock outcrops surrounded by dark, fine-grained soil. After landing an imaging panorama was started and a mechanical drilling arm reached to the surface and obtained a sample, which was deposited in a hermetically sealed chamber, maintained at 30 degrees C and a pressure of about .05 atmospheres. The composition of the sample determined by the X-ray flourescence spectrometer put it in the class of weakly differentiated melanocratic alkaline gabbroids. The lander survived for 127 ! minutes (the planned design life was 32 minutes) in an environment with a temperature of 457 degrees C and a pressure of 84 Earth atmospheres. The descent vehicle transmitted data to the bus, which acted as a data relay as it flew by Venus. More info at http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/mission_page/VN_Venera_13_Lander_page1.html [Source: NASA] Group: Platform_Details Entry_ID: VENERA-13 Group: Platform_Identification Platform_Category: Interplanetary Spacecraft Platform_Series_or_Entity: LANDER Short_Name: VENERA-13 End_Group Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names Short_Name: VENERA 13 End_Group Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments Short_Name: FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY End_Group Creation_Date: 2007-12-13 Online_Resource: http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/venera1314.html Sample_Image: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/midres/v13_vg261_262.gif Group: Platform_Logistics Launch_Date: 1981-10-30 Launch_Site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam, Russia Primary_Sponsor: Russia End_Group End_Group