@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix ns0: <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms#> .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/6e0ee015-7fde-40bf-af5a-5b95ad966e32>
  skos:prefLabel "P - R"@en ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/448aae76-d91e-4937-8c32-cb3e8f5cc973> .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/448aae76-d91e-4937-8c32-cb3e8f5cc973>
  ns0:altLabel [ ] ;
  skos:broader <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/6e0ee015-7fde-40bf-af5a-5b95ad966e32> ;
  skos:prefLabel "PARCA"@en ;
  skos:inScheme <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/projects> ;
  skos:definition """PARCA is a NASA project formally initiated in 1995 by combining into
one coordinated program various investigations associated with
efforts, started in 1991, to assess whether airborne laser altimetry
could be applied to measure ice-sheet thickness changes. It has the
prime goal of measuring and understanding the mass balance of the
Greenland ice sheet. The main components of the program are:

      1. Periodic airborne laser-altimetry surveys along precise
      repeat tracks across all major ice drainage basins. The first
      survey was completed in 1993/1994, with repeat flights along
      selected routes in 1995 and 1996, when flights were also made
      over ice caps in eastern Canada, Svalbard, and Iceland.
      Ice-thickness measurements along the same flight lines Localized
      measurements of ice thickness change in shallow drill holes.
      Monitoring of various surface characteristics of the ice sheet
      using satellite radar altimetry, SAR, passive-microwave, AVHRR,
      and scatterometer data.  Surface-based measurements of ice
      motion at 30-km intervals approximately along the 2000-meter
      contour completely around the ice sheet, with interpolation of
      local relative ice motion using interferometric SAR.  Shallow
      ice cores (10 - 200 meters) at many locations to infer recent
      climate history, atmospheric chemistry, and interannual
      variability of snow-accumulation rates, and to measure
      temperature and vertical ice motion at various depths.

      2. Investigations of surface energy balance and factors
      affecting snow accumulation and surface ablation. This program
      is a collaborative effort with NSF, and includes the
      installation of automatic weather stations (AWS) at many of the
      drill-hole sites.

      3. Estimating snow-accumulation rates by climate-model analysis
      of column water vapor obtained from radiosondes and TOVS data.

      4. Detailed investigations of individual glaciers and ice
      streams responsible for much of the outflow from the ice sheet.

      5. Development of a thermal probe to measure various ice
      characteristics at selected depths in the ice sheet.
      6. Continuous monitoring of crustal motion using Global
      Positioning System (GPS) receivers at coastal sites.

      For more information,
      link to "http://cires.colorado.edu/steffen/parca.html"

      [Summary provided by University of Colorado/CIRES research group]"""@en ;
  a skos:Concept .