@prefix ns0: <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/57047c78-cdad-4a4e-8fd5-262ade019d78>
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  skos:prefLabel "STCSMS"@en ;
  skos:inScheme <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/projects> ;
  skos:definition """On April 16, 1985, a Protocol for Scientific and Technical
Cooperation in Surveying and Mapping Studies between the
National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (NBSM) of the Peoples
Republic of China (PRC) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
was signed in Washington, D.C. to cover a period of 5
years. This signing was in accordance with the general
agreement between the U.S. Government and the Government of the
PRC on Cooperation in Science and Technology that was signed in
Washington, D.C., in January 1979, and extended by agreement in
January 1984. In April 1990, the Protocol was extended for 1
year, extended in April 1991 for 5 years to April 1996, and
extended again in April 1996 for another 5 years to April 2001,
to coincide with the same time period of the umbrella S&T
agreement between the USA and the PRC. The Protocol, which
contains four annexes (Annex II, III, IV, and V), is intended
to promote scientific and technical cooperation in
photogrammetry, remote sensing !  cartography, geographic
information systems, and map production management, and the
observation, development, and processing of geodetic and
geophysical data.

Meetings of the Joint Working Group for Scientific and
Technical Cooperation in Surveying and Mapping Studies are held
every year to introduce the latest developments, review the
past year's cooperative activities, and develop the work plans
for each Annex for the coming year. It was announced at the
August 1998 meeting that the NBSM has changed its name to the
State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (SBSM).

Recent achievements under the above annexes include the release
of small-scale topographic maps and data that were previously
not releasable. Environmental information over China at
1:4,000,000 scale and 1:1,000,000 scale is now available
because of these efforts. Earth gravity data, which was
previously unavailable, is now being exchanged. China now
participates on several international standards committees for
cartographic data and is a significant consumer of
U.S. computers and software used for GIS. In addition, the SBSM
has recently signed a cooperative agreement with the Census
Bureau for the PRC, and is planning to give mapping support to
their work modeled on the USGS/Census cooperation in the
U.S. SBSM is working on ways to use their GIS expertise and
data to meet the needs of construction and water control
projects to aid in disaster management such as floods.

The Protocol is important to USA and PRC exchange activities
because of the basic relationship of surveying and mapping
information to many other Protocols in existence between the
two countries. Moreover, remote sensing and geographic
information systems are developing technologies that are
important to future USGS programs which can benefit from broad
applications and cooperative exchange of information.

For more information, link to
"http://mapping.usgs.gov/html/international/asia.html"

[Summary provided by USGS]"""@en ;
  a skos:Concept .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4eb1894b-35b4-406b-8864-944a42bc7702>
  skos:prefLabel "S - U"@en ;
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